In this course, we offer a comprehensive exploration of the historical development of Islam from its inception in the 7th century through its expansion across continents and into the modern era. Through an in-depth examination of religious, political, cultural, and social dimensions, students will study the life of Prophet Muhammad (saw), the evolution of Islamic thought, the formation and impact of the Khilafat-e-Rashida and Khalifa-e-Ahmadiyya, the emergence of Islamic empires, and the interaction between Islamic and non-Islamic civilizations. Key topics include the foundational events of Islam, the spread of Islamic influence through trade and conquest, the diversity of Islamic sects, and the enduring contributions of Islamic civilization to science, philosophy, literature, and law. This course also addresses the challenges faced by Muslim societies in the colonial and post-colonial periods and examines contemporary Islamic movements. Students will engage with primary sources and scholarly interpretations to critically analyze the complex and dynamic history of the Muslim world.